In water-based paints, water is the solvent.Īpart from the solvent, binder and pigment, many paints also have chemical additives of various kinds. This is why paint solvents are often called thinners. This solvent is used so that the paint is so easy to work with because it thins it (make the liquid less viscous and more easily flowing) therefore makes it easier to apply. That is why paints have a third major chemical component – the solvent (something that dissolves something else). You will get a thick gloopy substance if you only mix a pigment with a binder and that will make them difficult to spread. Natural binders that can be used are lime, chalk, animal or vegetable glues, casein (non-fat milk curds), and oil. Resin also acts as binder to hold the pigment particles together as well as to provide adhesion to the surface painted. Vehicles are made of resins (sticky substances that form a film with the colorful pigment). Some common vehicles are acrylics and oils. From the paint can, the pigment goes to the object we are painting with the help of the vehicle. The next part of paint is a liquid known as the ‘vehicle’ because it actually transports the pigment.
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Before being ground down into powder, they are usually boiled several times in water so that impurities can be removed. They can be found throughout nature in clays, nuts, barks, berries, herbs, carbon, soot and charcoal. Usually these pigments are different minerals or other chemicals that are very colorful. It is actually a solid, even in the wet paint, but the pieces are too small that they seem to be part of the liquid. There are 3 main parts of paint – pigment, vehicle, and the solvent. Paint is used for decoration, sanitation, identification and protection.